Scam playbook
What is a 'mandate chain' (the broker layer cake)?
A chain of intermediaries — each claiming a 'mandate' from the next — sitting between the buyer and a 'seller' who is never directly reachable or verifiable.
How it works
- 1.Each link claims authority from the one above and adds a margin, but none can produce the principal.
- 2.The actual 'seller' identity is fictional or impersonated; the chain exists to obscure that.
- 3.NCNDA/IMFPA documents circulate to make the chain feel formal while no product exists.
Red flags
- You cannot reach or verify the actual principal/seller.
- Every party is a 'mandate' or 'facilitator', none is the title holder.
- Heavy NCNDA/commission paperwork before any product verification.
What the real version looks like
In real trade the seller (or its named, verifiable agent) is identifiable, registered, and reachable. If no one in the chain can put you in front of the principal, there is no principal.
This page describes a general fraud pattern for educational purposes. It is not an accusation against any specific person or company. A clean check is not a clearance — documentary KYC and licence verification still apply.