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API gravity

A measure of crude oil density relative to water — higher API = lighter crude.

API gravity is the American Petroleum Institute's measure of crude oil density relative to water. Higher API = lighter crude = more valuable (more gasoline and middle distillate yield).

  • Heavy: <22° API (e.g., Western Canadian Select ~20° API)
  • Medium: 22-31° API (e.g., Arab Heavy ~28° API)
  • Light: >31° API (e.g., WTI ~40° API, Brent ~38° API)

Sulphur content (sweet <0.5%, sour >0.5%) is the other critical quality dimension.

Related: Brent, WTI, Dubai.

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